Knowledge and Practices of Mothers towards Infant Oral Health Care in Their Children's First Year of Life / Conhecimentos e Práticas de Mães Sobre a Saúde Bucal Infantil no Primeiro Ano de Vida de seus Filhos

This study aimed to assess mothers' oral health-related knowledge and practices in immediate and late puerperium, and in the child's first year of life. This study is a prospective cohort study, in which data were collected from 358 mothers of children born between 2013 and 2014, in immediate and late puerperium, and in children's first year of life, by interviews with sociodemographic characterization and oral health questionnaires, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (α = 5%). Participants were mainly aged 20 to 29 years (53.9%), with 7 to 11 years of education (67.6%), from low social class (72.3%), unemployed (58.9%), married or in common-law marriage (84.1%), with more than one child (60.1%). Although 51.7% of them had received information about children's oral health, only 0.8%, 32.4% and 13.7%, respectively, knew the concept, etiology and preventive attitudes regarding dental caries. Mothers aged under 20 and over 30 years, with lower education and from low social class presented significantly lower oral health related knowledge. At children's first year of life, although 78.7% of the children had already been taken to the dentist, half of them had already tasted sugary foods and drinks. It is highlighted the social determination and the need of an improvement of mothers' oral health-related knowledge and practices. Educational actions, especially in prenatal programs, are important to achieve this improvement and to decrease early childhood caries rates. (AU)

Avaliar o conhecimento e as práticas de mães sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos no puerpério imediato, tardio, e no primeiro ano de vida da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, no qual os dados foram coletados de 358 mães de bebês nascidos entre 2013 e 2014, no puerpério imediato, tardio e um ano após o parto, por entrevistas com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e sobre saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas e pelo teste Qui-quadrado (α = 5%). As participantes apresentavam, majoritariamente, idades entre 20 a 29 anos (53,9%), com 7 a 11 anos de estudo (67,6%), eram de baixa classe social (72,3%), desempregadas (58,9%), casadas ou em união estável (84,1%), e tinham mais de um filho (60,1%). Apesar de 51.7% delas afirmarem ter recebido informações sobre saúde bucal infantil, apenas 0,8%, 32,4% e 13,7%, respectivamente, sabiam o conceito, etiologia e as atitudes preventivas à cárie. Mães com idades abaixo de 20 e acima de 29 anos apresentaram menor conhecimento sobre saúde bucal do que as demais. No primeiro ano de vida, apesar de 78,7% das crianças já terem ido ao dentista, metade delas já havia experimentado alimentos e bebidas açucarados. Destaca-se a determinação social e a necessidade de melhora no conhecimento e práticas das mães sobre saúde bucal. Ações educativas, especialmente em programas de atenção pré-natal, são importantes para atingir essa melhora e, consequentemente, diminuir as taxas da cárie na primeira infância. (AU)

Clinical complications during early treatment of anterior open bite

Abstract The object of this study was to compare the clinical complications of 4 different appliances used in the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB), and to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the number of complications among the appliances. Records from 99 Class I malocclusion patients with AOB treated using bonded spurs, BS, n = 25; chin cup, CC, n = 25; fixed palatal crib, FPC, n = 25; and removable palatal crib, RPC, n = 24) were examined. The total number and frequency of clinical complications that occurred over 12 months were described and compared by using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (Dunn's post-test) (α = 5%, CI = 95%). The incidence of clinical complications was 66.7%, comprising: breakage, bond failure, maladjustment, allergy, soft-tissue lesion, loss of removable appliance and abandonment. Eighteen patients gave up treatment; this occurred more frequently in the groups with removable appliances. Regarding the total number of complications per patient, Group BS exhibited a significantly higher number than the other groups (p < 0.0001). A low frequency of complications (1 to 3) was found in the groups, except for Group BS, in which 8% of the patients presented moderate frequency (4 to 6). In terms of appliance types (fixed or removable), there was no difference in the incidence of complications (p > 0.094). The null hypothesis was rejected, since the BS group exhibited the highest total number and frequency of complications. There was no difference between fixed and removable appliances in terms of incidence of clinical complications, although more patients using removable appliances abandoned their treatment.

Analysis of the Gray-Value Reproducibility and Noise of a Direct Digital Radiography System / Análise da Reprodutibilidade do Valor de Cinza e Ruído de um Sistema de Radiografia Digital Direto

The digital radiograph represents a great advance in oral maxillofacial radiology because it incorporates informatics technology in the capture, interpretation, and archiving of radiographic images. Previous studies have demonstrated that it is possible to use gray values in bone lesion diagnosis and follow-up. However, these applications depend on radiograph system quality and exposure time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gray-value reproducibility and noise produced by Dabi Atlante's IDA system, a direct digital radiography system. Radiographs were obtained in a standardized manner (70 kV, 7 mA, and 2.2-mm filtration) with a direct digital sensor and a stepwedge placed in a phantom at a 30-cm focus-film distance. Ten consecutive x-ray imaging series were completed at 0.10-s, 0.15-s, and 0.20-s exposure times. Gray values were analyzed in five regions of interest (ROIs): bone tissue (BT), soft tissue (ST), and three stepwedge steps (Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3). Mean gray values differed significantly across exposure times (p < .05) in all five ROIs. The ROI with the greatest gray-value variability (25.36%) and noise (9.46%) was ST. In conclusion, gray-value reproducibility and noise of the IDA system vary across areas with differing radiolucency. Thus, special attention is necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up of radiolucent lesions due to relatively high gray-value interference (AU).

A radiografia digital representa um grande avanço na radiologia bucomaxilofacial porque incorpora a tecnologia informática na captura, interpretação e arquivamento de imagens radiográficas. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que é possível usar os valores de cinza no diagnóstico e na proservação das lesões ósseas. No entanto, essas aplicações dependem da qualidade do sistema radiológico e do tempo de exposição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade do valor de cinza e o ruído produzido pelo sistema IDA da Dabi Atlante, um sistema de radiografia digital direto. As radiografias foram obtidas de maneira padronizada (70 kV, 7 mA e filtração de 2,2 mm) com um sensor digital direto e um penetrômetro colocados em um fantoma a uma distância de filme-foco de 30 cm. Dez imagens radiográficas consecutivas foram obtidas com tempos de exposição de 0,10-s, 0,15-s e 0,20-s. Os valores de cinza foram analisados em cinco regiões de interesse (ROIs): tecido ósseo (TO), tecido mole (TM) e três degraus do penetrômetro (Degrau 1, Degrau 2 e Degrau 3). Os valores de cinza médios diferiram significativamente entre os tempos de exposição (p <0,05) em todos as cinco ROIs. A ROI com maior variabilidade do valor de cinza (25,36%) e ruído (9,46%) foi TM. Em conclusão, a reprodutibilidade do valor de cinza e o ruído do sistema IDA variam entre áreas com radiolucência diferente. Assim, atenção especial é necessária para o diagnóstico e proservação de lesões radiolucentes devido à interferência dos valores cinza relativamente alta. (AU).